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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Attentional shift ： ウィキペディア英語版 Attentional shift Attentional shift (or shift of attention) occurs when directing attention to a point to increase the efficiency of processing that point and includes inhibition to decrease attentional resources to unwanted or irrelevant inputs.〔Johnson, A. & Proctor, R. W. (2004). Attention: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.〕 Shifting of attention is needed to allocate attentional resources to more efficiently process information from a stimulus. Research has shown that when an object or area is attended, processing operates more efficiently.〔Gazzaniga, M., Ivry, R., Mangun, G. (2002). Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind.''(2nd ed) New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., pp. 247–252〕〔Posner, M. I. (1980) Orienting of attention. ''Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology'' 32: 3-25〕 Task switching costs occur when performance on a task suffers due to the increased effort added in shifting attention.〔Johnson, A. & Proctor, R. W. (2004). Attention: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.〕 There are competing theories that attempt to explain why and how attention is shifted as well as how attention is moved through space. == Unitary Resource and Multiple Resource Models== According to the unitary resource model of attention, there is a single resource of attention divided among different tasks in different amounts, and attention is voluntarily shifted when demands on attention needed exceeds the limited supply of attentional resource available. 〔Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.〕 In contrast, there are also multiple resource models of attention that propose that different attentional resources exist for different sensory and response modalities, which would mean that tasks requiring different senses or different kinds of responses should be easier to switch attention to and from, and that switching costs would be less for similar tasks than tasks that involve different resources. 〔Wickens, C. D. (1980). The structure of attentional resources. In R. Nickerson (Ed.), Attention and performance VIII. (pp. 239-257). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attentional shift」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.